NRG Acoustics SG-4: Multichannel surround sound
Multichannel surround sound is a technique of enriching the sound 
reproduction quality of any audio source with additional audio channels 
from audio speakers that surround the audience (surround channels), 
providing sound with a 360 radius within the horizontal plane (2D) not 
like "screen channels" (middle, [front] left, and [front] right) coming 
from only on the listener's forward arc.
Multichannel surround sound is portrayed by a listener location or sweet
 spot where the audio effects performs best, and presents a fixed or 
forward perspective of the sound area towards listener as of this 
location. The technique enhances the belief of sound spatialization by 
manipulating sound localization; a listener's ability to identify the 
location or origin of a noticed sound in route and range. Typically this
 is achieved by making use of multiple discrete audio channels routed to
 an array of loudspeakers.
There are many multichannel based models and methods, ranging in 
processing and recording methods combined with amount and positioning of
 extra stations.
NRG Acoustics HJ-17: Fields of application
Though cinema and soundtracks characterize the main uses of surround 
approaches, its scope of application is wider than that as surround 
sound permits creation of an audio-environment for all sorts of 
functions. Multichannel audio techniques are useful to reproduce 
contents as various as music, conversation, natural or synthetic sounds 
for cinema, television, transmissions, or portable computers. With 
regards to music content for example, a live performance is able to use 
multichannel techniques in the context associated with an open-air 
concert, of a musical theatre or for broadcasting; for a film particular
 techniques are adjusted to movie theater, or even to home (e.g. home 
cinema systems).
The narrative space is also a content that could be enhanced through 
multichannel  solutions. This is applicable mainly to cinema narratives,
 as an example the talk from the characters of a film, but might be also
 utilized on plays for theatre, to a meeting, or to integrate 
voice-based comments in an archeological site or monument. For example, 
an exhibition might be improved with topical background sound of water, 
wild birds, train or equipment sounds. Topical natural sounds can also 
be used in instructive programs.
NRG Acoustics A-70 - Several other fields of application include video gaming consoles, computers and other platforms.
In these purposes, the content would typically be artificial noise 
produced by the computer device in interaction with its user. 
Substantial work has been specifically done using multichannel surround 
sound for enhanced situation knowledge in army and general public safety
 applications. 
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